High Power Optics


Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light, an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.

Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light. Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice. Practical optics is usually done using simplified models. The most common of these, geometric optics, treats light as a collection of rays that travel in straight lines and bend when they pass through or reflect from surfaces. Physical optics is a more comprehensive model of light, which includes wave effects such as diffraction and interference that cannot be accounted for in geometric optics. Historically, the ray-based model of light was developed first, followed by the wave model of light.

Prospects of utilising liquid alkali metal coolants in HPO were determined by the possibility of achieving a high heat transfer coefficient in the porous structure due to a favourable combination of Thermo physical properties of liquid alkali metals. This allowed one to lessen the requirements to the thermal conductivity of the porous structure material, which opened up the possibility of using new structural materials with a low thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity in reflectors. Of particular interest was the employment of eutectic alloys of liquid alkali metals with low melting points in HPO.

Further increase in the optical damage threshold of mirror surfaces of HPO based on porous and microcapillar structures is possible when liquid alkali metals and their alloys are used as the coolants. Prospects of utilising liquid alkali metal coolants in HPO were determined by the possibility of achieving a high heat transfer coefficient in the porous structure due to a favourable combination of thermo physical properties of liquid alkali metals. The particular interest of the employment of eutectic alloys of liquid alkali metals with low melting temperature in the case of HPO had been confirmed theoretically and experimentally. Extraordinary high results of experimental investigations of thermal deformation characteristics of HPO cooled by the eutectic alloy Na−K had been achieved.

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Fibre Optic Cable Sensors to upgrade Performance of Pipelines


SciFed Journal of Laser and Optics is an international, online, peer – reviewed, multidisciplinary open access journal that aims in publishing enormous esteemed manuscripts in various forms in the fields of scientific and engineering research including consumer electronics, information technology, science, medicine, industry, law enforcement, entertainment, and the military. Fiber-optic communication using lasers is a key technology in modern communications, allowing services such as the Internet.
Pipelines are one of the best and cheapest modes of transportation of liquid products over long distances from producing to processing and consuming centers. This mode of transportation is also useful for solid products in the form of slurries. Once constructed and operated properly, pipelines carry on uninterrupted flow unless their integrity is disturbed by external actors like leaks, ruptures due to ground settlement or externally applied heavy loads from surface transports. In earlier days, monitoring the performance of pipelines was a difficult task. The means of measurement of the key performance indicators was through pressure, temperature, quantity of flow between two selected locations on the pipeline. With the invention and use of Fibre Optic cables, the pipeline transportation technology has drastically improved. Fibre Optic cable was conceptualized in around 1925 where it was discovered that light waves transmitted through optical fibres made from glass particles, can carry huge amount of data like temperature, pressure, volume of flow, density of the fluid over long distance without loss of quality .
The DTS system. A distributed Temperature Sensor is a device with a linear measurement capability over the entire pipeline length and is sensitive to the measurement at any of its points. The sensors consist of a single optical fiber sensitive over its entire length. A single distributed fiber optic sensor could, therefore, perform the functions of large number of specific point sensors. The low fiber attenuation enables monitoring over long distances up to 25 to 40 km lengths which represent adequate number of measuring points. This makes the distributed sensing technique a very attractive solution when monitoring of a large number of locations is required.
The paper serves as a guideline for upgrading old pipelines that needs to be decommissioned. With marginal capital investment, their lives can be extended and thus incurring extra cost for laying new pipelines in replacement can be avoided or deferred. With vast technological improvement in telecommunication and telecontrol , product movement through pipeline , are becoming cheaper and competitive . No general rule can be framed but case-by-case study and appropriate action can be taken to economize and reduce pipeline transportation costs.
The above Article originally got published at SciFed Journal of Laser and Optics in 2017, to have a glance please visit: Click Here
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Lasers in Treatment and Optics in Telecommunications

http://scifed.com/journal-of-laser-optics/


About Journal:
Laser and Optics can be simply defined as usage of laser in various fields with application of optics. SciFed Journalof Laser and Optics invites the Editorial Board Members Across the world from renowned universities. Laser and Optics covers some of research Areas like optoelectronic devices and photonics, developments in conventional optics, optical instruments and components, techniques of optical metrology, including interferometry and optical fibre sensors, applications of lasers to materials processing, optical NDT display (including holography) and optical communication.
Editorial Systems framed with Members from universities like University of Exeter UK, University of North Texas USA, Donetsk National University Ukraine, University of Bologna Italy, Bienvenidos al CICESE Mexico, and Harbin Institute of Technology China. The SciFed Journal of Laser and Optics initiated in April 2017.In a short span of time this Scientific  journal Addresses 38 Editorial Board members from countries like USA, France, China, Italy, Portugal, Egypt, India, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Taiwan, Singapore etc.
These framed Editorial Board Members works in the Challenging Areas like Laser Physics, Photonics, Biomedical Optics, Optics Communications, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. These are Areas now a day’s challenging the world. These are the challenges mainly motivated us to start SciFed Journal of Laser and Optics which works as a barrier between the society and research community.
SciFed Journal of Laser and Optics is a peer reviewed journal using editorial systems which contains a highly classified reviewing system. Here it encourages Articles entitled in the form of research article, review, mini review, rapid communications, case reports & letter to editors, short communications, image article, videos & graphical presentations and editorials. Once the Article got received then it undergoes originality check by respected Editor in chief and Editorial Board member. If the Article got accepted, here it is supposed to be reviewed by two editorial board members and Two outside reviewers who are working in same area of research under the guidance of editor in chief. In this review process if any comments raised then comments were forwarded to the Author and proper correction to be done.
 SciFed Journal of Laser andOptics maintains a unique tracking system named Editorial Tracking Systems. In Editorial Tracking Systems both the Editor in chief, Editorial board member, Author and Outside reviewers are connected one to one internally. Whatever the changes done to the Article are simultaneously reported to the Editor in chief, Editorial board member, Author and outside reviewers. Based on the final decision of Editor in chief only the decision of Acceptance or Rejectance take place.
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