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High Power Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light, an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.
Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light. Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice. Practical optics is usually done using simplified models. The most common of these, geometric optics, treats light as a collection of rays that travel in straight lines and bend when they pass through or reflect from surfaces. Physical optics is a more comprehensive model of light, which includes wave effects such as diffraction and interference that cannot be accounted for in geometric optics. Historically, the ray-based model of light was developed first, followed by the wave model of light.
Prospects of utilising liquid alkali metal coolants in HPO were determined by the possibility of achieving a high heat transfer coefficient in the porous structure due to a favourable combination of Thermo physical properties of liquid alkali metals. This allowed one to lessen the requirements to the thermal conductivity of the porous structure material, which opened up the possibility of using new structural materials with a low thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity in reflectors. Of particular interest was the employment of eutectic alloys of liquid alkali metals with low melting points in HPO.
Further increase in the optical damage threshold of mirror surfaces of HPO based on porous and microcapillar structures is possible when liquid alkali metals and their alloys are used as the coolants. Prospects of utilising liquid alkali metal coolants in HPO were determined by the possibility of achieving a high heat transfer coefficient in the porous structure due to a favourable combination of thermo physical properties of liquid alkali metals. The particular interest of the employment of eutectic alloys of liquid alkali metals with low melting temperature in the case of HPO had been confirmed theoretically and experimentally. Extraordinary high results of experimental investigations of thermal deformation characteristics of HPO cooled by the eutectic alloy Na−K had been achieved.
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